The mechanism of the congenital microcephaly induction is still under debate, but studies suggest that the ZIKV crosses the placental barrier and BBB after infecting both the blastocysts and the brain endothelium [107] and, later the neuronal stem cells (NSCs), by inducing an early cell death via the endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis and through the inhibition of the Akt-mTOR viability pathway by NS4B [108,109]. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and microcephaly.