TNF and metabolic disease: In their work, Fki et al. [35] assessed the levels of inflammatory markers such COX-2, NF-κB, and TNF-α, and found that oleuropein- and hydroxytyrosol-rich olive leaf extracts possessed hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects against the high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders by enhancing the antioxidative defense system and blocking the expression of the proteins involved in inflammation and liver damage.