TNF and colitis: In a comparative preclinical study of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling inhibitors, it was found that administration of INF39 (an NLRP3 inflammasome irreversible direct blocker), Ac-YVAD-cmk (a caspase-1 inhibitor), and anakinra to rats with DNBS-induced colitis resulted in colitis relief and that INF39 was more effective in reducing organizational increments of myeloperoxidase, TNF, and IL-1β, and attenuating intestinal inflammation [75].