Additionally, numerous studies emphasized that streptozotocin-induced diabetes elevated lipid peroxidation and ROS levels, while mitigating anti-oxidative markers, including catalase, SOD, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, and glutathione reductase activities in the testis and epididymal sperm [53,54]. The gene discussed is HPGDS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.