OSM and metabolic disease: Increasing evidence has suggested that BBR could ameliorate UC by improving metabolic disorders [8], decreasing the expression of oncostatin M (OSM) and oncostatin M receptor (OSMR), and inhibiting the overactivation of human intestinal stromal cells through the OSM-mediated Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway [9], modifying gut microbiota and regulating the balance of Regulatory T cell (Treg)/ T helper cell 17 (Th17) [10].