IL6 and hepatitis A virus infection: As demonstrated in Figure 6F–I, significant increases (~1.5 to 1.7-fold) in the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were observed in the ethanol group relative to the control group, indicating that binge alcohol exposure caused hepatic injury and hepatitis.