TLR4 and colitis: Detecting the expression levels of cytokines, including IL-17, IL-6, TGF-β, IL-10, and transcription factors, such as RoRγt and Foxp3 by a TLR4 blocking assay, a recent study has shown that P.gingivalis ATCC 33,277 led to the Th17/Treg ratio increasing in the colon in vivo through the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway, which aggravated DSS-induced colitis [98].