HBx-induced S100A9 plays a pivotal role in the metastasis of HCC [50]; SHP2 induced by the HBx-NF-κB pathway contributes to fibrosis during human early HCC development [51], and the interaction between centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP) and HBx provides a microenvironment to facilitate HCC development by enhancing NF-κB activation, inflammatory cytokine production, and cancer malignancies [52]. Here, PTPN11 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.