To balance the sample size limitation and the depth of omics data profile in the MILES study, we set up the current study as a hypothesis-driven analysis and selected 13 metabolites that have been associated with glucose metabolism, insulin homeostasis and/or T2D [33,34,35], namely isoleucine, leucine, valine, lactate, glucose, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, 2-hydroxybutyrate, N-lactoyl phenylalanine, N-lactoyl tyrosine, N-lactoyl valine. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.