CREB1 and infection: In the present study, we used a specific antibody to measure the phosphorylation of CREB in neurons within the spinal cord and DRG, to ultimately evaluate the altered expression of the transcription factor, p-CREB, in DRG under control or infection conditions using one of the most common uropathogens, Escherichia coli (E. coli), in rat urinary bladder.