NPPB and atrial fibrillation: Some biomarkers are implicated in processes involved in AF onset and progression, namely, NT-proBNP (implicated in mechanical stress and myocardial stretch), high sensitivity troponin T (Hs-Tn T) (a myocardial damage biomarker), urate (associated with oxidative stress), galectin-3 and ST2 (implicated in remodeling and fibrosis), C reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (implicated in inflammation) [2,3,4].