ESR1 and atherosclerosis: Further in vitro studies on other cellular components (i.e., VSMCs, immune cells) participating in the later stages of the atherosclerosis process, as well as studies on atherosclerosis animal models mimicking the postmenopausal status, are needed in order to delineate the exact roles of estrogen and of each estrogen receptor subtype in the atherosclerotic inflammatory process, so as to develop specific ER agonists/antagonists with an improved benefit/risk ratio.