Similarly, another study showed that troglitazone, a PPARγ-ligand, treatment in TE-13 cells inhibited the development of human ESCC through G1 cell cycle arrest by increasing p27 expression and induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bid, Bax, PARP, and caspase 3 and reducing the expression of cyclin E, MDM2, p16, cytochrome C, caspase 8, and Bcl-XL [153]. Here, PPARG is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.