TGFB1 and myocardial ischemia: In reperfused hearts isolated from myocardial ischemia-induced animal, TGF-β exogenous injection seems to attenuate oxidative stress and reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α) [35], whereas feline TGF-β injections reduced cardiomyocyte death through p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling [36].