However, as a member of TGF-β superfamily, there are still few reports on the role of GDF15 in tumor radioresistance, but more studies about the roles of GDF15 focus on its adverse effect on cancer cachexia [51], the regulation of immune microenvironments [52,53], and diagnostic marker of multiple solid tumors [54,55,56]. The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is neoplasm.