In addition, Dox inhibits cancer cell proliferation by activating the DNA damage response components ATR, p53, Chk1, and Chk2, resulting in p53- and CREB3L1-dependent p21/WAF1 expression and inhibitory Src phosphorylation, which promote G1/S arrest and senescence [10,11,12]. This evidence concerns the gene CDKN1A and cancer.