The main objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between biological processes of the synaptic pathology underlying this disease, the molecular functions of some causative proteins, and the dynamics of the change in concentrations of selected proteins reflecting synaptic and axonal pathology (Ng, NPTXR, VILIP1, the NPTXR/Ng ratio, and the Aβ42/Ng ratio) in dementia stages. This evidence concerns the gene VSNL1 and dementia.