ADIPOQ and diabetes mellitus: Fasting promotes an optimization of the circadian rhythms and regulation of several molecular and hormonal pathways (such as ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor 1, adiponectin, leptin, 8-isoprostane), which lead to a significant improvement in the function, regeneration and survival of pancreatic β-cells [576,577], with an additional reduction in the risk of developing diabetes [56,578].