The global cytokine surveys of HSC-CM have demonstrated that TNF-α, agrin, PDGF, activin A, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and TIMP-1, which subsequently induce acute inflammation and liver fibrosis, were elevated in aHSC-CM relative to the qHSC-CM. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Hepatic fibrosis.