Moreover, the evidence indicates that IL-10 inhibits renal fibrosis; for example, IL-10 overexpression reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and mRNA in remnant kidneys of 5/6 nephrectomised rats [23], whereas an IL-10 deficiency exacerbated inflammation and fibrosis in UUO-induced mouse kidneys [24]. This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and renal fibrosis.