In the present study, we demonstrated a strong association with the risk of developing leprosy and its different forms in genetic variants in the miRNA genes pre-miR938, miR570, pri-let-7a1, miR200C, miR4513, miR146A and variants in machinery-related genes of DROSHA miRNAs and AGO1 in the Amazonian population. This evidence concerns the gene DROSHA and leprosy.