INS and diabetes mellitus: Furthermore, reduced plasma levels of irisin in the first trimester of gestation were implemented into another model based on known risk factors (maternal age, BMI, gestational age at sampling, smoking, ethnicity, pre-existing hypertension or cardiovascular disease, family history of diabetes, physical activity, family history of diabetes, and blood levels of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, fasting plasma glucose, and C-reactive protein).