As in HBV infection, miR-146a-5p promotes HCV infection by enhancing the production of infectious viral particles and, furthermore, contributes to the development of liver disease and HCC by targeting genes associated with inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer development, including CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), TLR2, TRAF6, IRAK1, breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1), NFKB1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD40 ligand (CD40LG), SMAD4, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox A (HNF1), SHIP1, and TLR4 [127]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to cancer.