MAPT and dementia: More specifically, we discuss the following topics: (1) the frequency of AD imaging markers, including Aβ and tau in SVCI patients; (2) the relationship between AD markers and CSVD burdens; (3) potential distinct pathobiology of AD markers in SVCI compared to AD-type dementia; (4) the clinical effects of AD and CSVD markers in SVCI; (5) hemorrhagic markers in CAA and the clinical effects; and (6) current challenges and future perspectives.