NLRP3 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Moreover, NLRP3 was found to be overactivated in patients with SLE and lupus nephritis [143,144], since, anti-dsDNA antibodies, a hallmark feature of SLE, can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in monocytes/macrophages of SLE patients by inducing mitochondrial ROS production and activation of the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway [145].