Several nuclear receptors were specifically downregulated in males (Vdr, Lrh1/Nr5a2, Mr/Nr3c2, Rev-erbβ/Nr1d2, Car/Nr1i3, Esrrg, Lxrα/Nr1h3) and have indeed been demonstrated to regulate key protective functions relating to colitis or CRC. This evidence concerns the gene VDR and colorectal carcinoma.