SP1 and neoplasm: According to the investigated carcinogenic mechanism and cellular disfunctions in the core signaling pathways of OSCC, HES1, TCF, NF-κB and SP1 were identified as the significant carcinogenic biomarkers contributing to unnormal cellular functions such as inflammatory-dependent cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis and tumor invasion, which were considered as drug targets for the systematic drug discovery design of OSCC.