NEFL and myocardial ischemia: This post hoc measurement of recently established glial (GFAP) and neuronal (NfL) serum biomarkers after acute MI revealed the following main findings: first, GFAP as a glial biomarker representing glial damage, but not NfL representing neuronal damage, increased in the first 3 months after myocardial ischemia and remained elevated within the year after MI; second, relative infarction size significantly correlated to GFAP increase.