INS and diabetes mellitus: The study compared 11 controls with 11 patients with PAD but no diabetes, 11 with PAD+T2DM, all on oral therapy (T2DM), and 12 with PAD+T2DM on combined oral/insulin (insulin-dependent) therapy; it was found that blood-glucose-normalized TBRmax was 32% higher in the first group, 95% higher in the second, and 122% higher in the third group, despite comparable PAD severity, BMI, and CRP in the three groups.