EDN1 and hyperlipidemia: Therefore, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidemia and proinflammatory cytokines are known to selectively impair the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/ endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway, increase oxidative stress and enhance the release of endothelin 1 (ET-1) from the endothelium [5].