Xiong et al. reported that the postmenopausal surge in serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) contributed to a higher prevalence of AD in older women; elevated FSH bound to receptors on the surface of neurons, activating C/EBPβ–AEP cascades and leading to AD lesions including tauopathy and formation of Aβ plaques, synapse density reduction and cognitive impairment [53]. The gene discussed is CEBPB; the disease is Alzheimer disease.