CCL2 and systemic inflammatory response syndrome: Coronavirus infection causes a release of proinflammatory cytokines, associated with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) [74], resulting in markedly elevated levels of interleukins (IL), which are usually: IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP1-a), interferon-inducible protein 10-γ (IP-10), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha [75,76,77].