MECOM and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: These factors include family history of NPC; susceptible genes, including HLA gene (6p21.3), MST1R (3p21.3), and MECOM (3q26); and environmental factors, such as active or passive smoking, preserved food and alcohol consumption, occupational exposure, oral hygiene, and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, all of which possibly lead to NPC development [4,5].