A recent multicenter clinical trial in Peru showed that lactoferrin supplementation decreased the risk of infections in low-birth-weight infants (LBW < 2500 g) and especially in those with very low birth weight (VLBW < 1500 g) (LBW: lactoferrin groups vs. placebo, 12.6 vs. 22.1%; VLBW: lactoferrin group vs. placebo, 20 vs. 37.5%) [90]. This evidence concerns the gene LTF and infection.