STAT3 and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: The clinical features of STAT3-HIES include early-onset eczema, recurrent skin infections and skin abscesses, recurrent pneumonia and resultant pneumatoceles, chronic mucocutaneous infection, along with skeletal, dental, and connective tissue abnormalities, such as characteristic facial features (a prominent forehead, deep-set eyes, broadened nasal bridge, and high-arched palate), retained primary teeth, bone fragility and scoliosis [11,26,27,28,29].