Kaifi et al. demonstrated CXCR4 protein expression in 75 (55%) of 136 oesophageal tumours, and CXCR4 expression was associated with a poor clinical outcome with a median overall survival of 20 months in patients with CXCR4-positive tumours and 76 months for CXCR4-negative tumours [41]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR4 and neoplasm.