TNF and endothelial dysfunction: As a confirmation, in a series of experiments on diabetic or prediabetic rodents, upregulation of SOD and phosphorylated eNOS, inhibition of NOX and mitocondrium respiratory chain, administration of an O−2 scavenger or of TNF-α and IL-6 neutralizing antibodies, were all associated with the improvement of endothelial dysfunction [64,90,91,92].