However, the increased risk of developing COPD and NSCLC, observed here for rs2072493_N592S, is in slight contrast with lower IL-6 levels, since this cytokine, at least in colorectal cancer, can also have a tumor-promoting role [29] and, hence, IL-6 could be expected to be higher in rs2072493_N592S carriers. Here, IL6 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.