The strategy of targeting IRAK proteins has demonstrated a clear efficacy against non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and melanoma in preclinical settings [64,65], while small-molecule IRAK1/4 inhibitors, R835 and PF-06650833, are currently in clinical development for use in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The gene discussed is IRAK1; the disease is melanoma.