Some viruses induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancerous cells together with the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as ATP, nuclear high mobility group box 1 (HMBG1), calreticulin (CRT) and heat shock proteins (HSP) 70 and 90 that promote an anti-tumour immune response (Figure 1) [96,97]. This evidence concerns the gene CALR and neoplasm.