Overexpression of PIAS3 has been shown to attenuate oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)-induced inflammation and lipid accumulation, making PIAS3 a vital repressor of atherosclerosis [94]; moreover, in a rabbit atherosclerosis model, inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathway led to less upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced formation of atheromatous plaques [95]. Here, STAT3 is linked to atherosclerosis.