TLR4 and Alzheimer disease: To this end, in recent years, several strategies have been investigated for the treatment of AD, including: (i) dampening of neuroinflammation, (ii) inhibition of key anti-inflammatory cytokines [21], and (iii) development of small molecules able to act at the peripheral immunity level (i.e., TLR4, macrophage colony stimulating factor, and NOD2 receptors) [6].