Low–moderate levels of ROS are able to stimulate numerous factors associated with tumor cell growth and survival, including the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), cyclin D1 expression, and JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) [152,153,154,155,156]. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is neoplasm.