Obesity was also associated with a downregulation in the gene expression of NOX-4 (Figure 5F; p < 0.05) and with a significant increase in the mRNA levels of GSR (Figure 5G; p < 0.01), SOD-1 (Figure 5I; p < 0.001) and PGC-1α (Figure 5J; p < 0.05) in gastrocnemius muscle. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.