NFE2L2 and Stroke: In a study on the neuroprotective effect of andrographolide on stroke, Yang et al. found that a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor significantly inhibited Nrf2 phosphorylation and reduced the expression of the Nrf2 downstream target gene, HO-1, suggesting that p38MAPK may be an upstream regulatory factor for Nrf2 activation.