Compared to the non-demented group, patients with dementia were older, less educated, had a higher frequency of APOE ε4 genotype, hypertension, and higher burden of cerebrovascular disease (i.e., WMH, lacunes, and cortical infarcts), as well as more pronounced brain atrophy (denoted by reduced cortical thickness and hippocampus volume). This evidence concerns the gene APOE and dementia.