TNF and pulmonary emphysema: Decreased levels of HYP, LDH, total and differential leukocytes, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, MMP-7, caspase-3, Bax, NF-κB; upregulate Nrf2, HO−1, Bcl2; ameliorated severe hemorrhage, thickening of alveolar septa, emphysema, infiltration of leukocytes in walls alveoli and fibroplasia, inflammation, and PF.