In a phase III trial (NCT00699816) of 230 patients with HCC who underwent curative treatment (surgical resection, RFA, or percutaneous ethanol injection), adjuvant immunotherapy with activated CIK cells (CD3+/CD56+ and CD3+/CD56− T-cells and CD3−/CD56+ NK cells) increased recurrence-free survival (44 vs. 30 months) [65]. This evidence concerns the gene NCAM1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.