Consequently, PPARGC1A, SHH, TRAP1 and PPRC1 were included in the signature and the risk score of COAD patients was calculated as follows: risk score = (−0.5348 × PPARGC1A expression) + (−0.4661 × SHH expression) + (−1.4386 × TRAP1 expression) + (1.1488 × PPRC1 expression). Here, TRAP1 is linked to colon adenocarcinoma.