Future research on anti-cancer vaccines including p53 vaccines should therefore focus on optimizing delivery of the vaccine to the appropriate cellular location, selecting the optimum adjuvant to be co-administered with the vaccine, identifying the optimum dose and treating patients with early cancer (where immunosuppression would be expected to be limited) rather that patients with advanced cancer (where immunosuppression would be expected to be strong). The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is cancer.